An isotype control antibody, a primary antibody used as a negative control, helps determine the non - specific background staining level in an experiment.
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Function:
It differentiates between non - specific background and specific antibody signals. It indicates whether a sample has proper blocking and washing or needs further optimization.
Characteristics:
It has the same immunoglobulin isotype and subclass as the primary antibody but lacks target specificity. It's specific to a known irrelevant target like keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH).
Applications:
Mainly used in flow cytometry, it can also be a blocking or protein - coating agent in immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry, Western blotting, and ELISA.
Selection:
When selecting an isotype control, it should match the primary antibody's host species and Ig class.